6.2 Asia

The pieces in this section look at several aspects of the transnational nature of the film festival circuit in relation to Asia and Asian cinema.

Soyoung Kim highlights the political and cultural context of the emergence of several film festivals in South Korea in the 1990s. Kim explains that there are three different categories of festivals: 1) state/local government-organized film festivals (e.g. Pusan International Film Festival [PIFF] and Puchon International Fantastic Film Festival [PiFan]), 2) corporate-sponsored festivals (Q Channel Seoul Documentary Film and Video Festival) and 3) festivals organized by activist groups (Seoul Women’s Film Festival; Seoul Queer Film and Video Festival; Human Rights Watch Film Festival) (Kim 1998: 175). In her analysis, Kim gives insights into the relation between the launch of several film festivals in the context of a general cine-mania and the identity formation of new activists as well as a postmodern Korean identity. Kim’s piece offers a great contextualization for further analyses by SooJeong Ahn who looks at the development of PIFF and its strategic moves to establish a hub for Korean cinema, as well as Asian cinema in general, to enter a global market (Kim 1998: 183; Ahn 2008a, b; Ahn 2009).

Several other scholars have taken a look at the impact the international film festival circuit has had on the acknowledgement, praise and economic exploitation of Asian film (cf. Stringer 2001, section 3): with the perspectives on Chinese Cinema (Zhang 2002), Hong Kong Cinema (Wong 2007) and Taiwan Cinema (Wu 2007).

For further references to insightful festival reports on (East) Asian film festivals, which had to be omitted here, refer to the “Bibliography: Film Festivals and East Asia” (Fischer 2011).

Ahn, SooJeong. “Placing South Korean Cinema into the Pusan International Film Festival: Programming Strategy in the Global/Local Context.” Cultural Industries and Cultural Studies in Northeast Asia: What a Difference a Region Makes, edited by Chris Berry et al., Hong Kong University Press, 2009, pp. 73–86.

Ahn, SooJeong. “Re-imagining the Past: Programming South Korean Retrospectives at the Pusan International Film Festival.” Film International, vol. 6, no. 4, 2008, pp. 24–33.

Ahn, SooJeong. The Pusan International Film Festival 1996-2005: South Korean Cinema in Local, Regional, and Global Context. PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008, eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10513/1/AHN_etheses_all.pdf. Accessed 2 July 2021.

Ahn, SooJeong. The Pusan International Film Festival, South Korean Cinema and Globalization, Hong Kong University Press, 2011.

Bao, Hongwei. “Enlightenment Space, Affective Space: Travelling Queer Film Festivals in China.” Gender, Mobility and Citizenship in Asia, edited by Mikako Iwatake, Department of World Cultures, University of Helsinki, 2010, pp. 174–205.

Bao, Hongwei. “In Search of Lesbian Continuum: Lesbian Public Space through ‘Women 50 Minutes’.” New Perspectives from Japan and China, edited by Mikako Iwatake, Department of World Cultures, University of Helsinki, 2010, pp. 136–64.

Bao, Hongwei. “Queer as Catachresis: The Beijing Queer Film Festival in Cultural Translation.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 79–100.

Battaglia, Giulia. “The Development of Documentary Film Festivals in India: A Small-Media Phenomenon.” Documentary Film Festivals Vol. 1: Methods, History, Politics, edited by Aida Vallejo and Ezra Winton, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, pp. 221–39.

Bell, James. “North Korea’s Pyongyang International Film Festival.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 166–74.

Berry, Chris. “10 Years Young: The Shanghai International Film Festival.” Senses of Cinema, no. 45, 2007, www.sensesofcinema.com​/​2007/​festival-​reports/​shanghai-​iff-​2007/​.

Berry, Chris. “Bangkok’s Alternative Love Film Festival Raided: Chris Berry interviews Sopawan Boonimitra.” Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context, no. 2, 1999, intersections.anu.edu.au​/​issue2/​Sidebar.html.

Berry, Chris. “My Queer Korea: Identity, Space, and the 1998 Seoul Queer Film & Video Festival.” Intersections: Gender, History and Culture in the Asian Context, no. 2, 1999, intersections.anu.edu.au​/​issue2/​Berry.html.

Berry, Chris. “Shanghai and Hong Kong: A Tale of Two Festivals.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 15–33.

Berry, Chris. “When is a Film Festival not a Festival? The 6th China Independent Film Festival.” Senses of Cinema, no. 53, 2009, www.sensesofcinema.com​/​2009/​festival-​reports/​when-​is-​a-​film-​festival-​not-​a-​festival-​the-​6th-​china-​independent-​film-​festival/​.

Berry, Chris, and Luke Robinson, editors. Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.

Berry, Chris, and Luke Robinson. Introduction. Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 1–11.

Beumers, Birgit. “Between Europe and Asia? A Chronicle of the ‘Eurasia’ International Film Festival (Kazakhstan).” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 175–85.

Beumers, Birgit. “Table 10: Film Festivals in Central Asia and the Asian Part of the Former USSR.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, p. 262.

Cazzaro, Davide, and Darcy Paquet. BIFF x BIFF. Foreword by Lee Chang-dong, Busan International Film Festival, 2015.

Chan, Felicia. “Film Festivals and Cosmopolitan Affect.” Cosmopolitan Cinema: Cross-Cultural Encounters in East Asian Film, I.B. Tauris, 2017, pp. 92–118. Tauris World Cinema Series.

Chan, Felicia. “The International Film Festival and the Making of a National Cinema.” Screen, vol. 52, no. 2, 2011, pp. 253–60. doi:10.1093/screen/hjr012.

Chan, Felicia, and Dave Chua. “Programming Southeast Asia at the Singapore International Film Festival.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 125–41.

Chen, Yun-hua. “Table 6: Film Festivals in Taiwan.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 255–57.

Chen, Yun-hua. “Taipeh Film Festival: Creation of a Global City.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 142–53.

Cheung, Ruby. “Corporatising a Film Festival: Hong Kong.” Film Festival Yearbook 1: The Festival Circuit, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ragan Rhyne, St Andrews Film Studies, 2009, pp. 99–115.

Cheung, Ruby. “East Asian Film Festivals: Film Markets.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 40–61.

Cheung, Ruby. “Ever-Changing Readjustments: The Political Economy of the Hong Kong International Film Festival (HKIFF).” New Review of Film and Television Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, 2016, pp. 59–75. doi:10.1080/17400309.2015.1107268.

Cheung, Ruby. “’We Believe in “Film as Art”: An Interview with Li Cheuk-to, Artistic Director of the Hong Kong International Film Festival (HKIFF).” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 196–207.

Cheung, Ruby, and Alex Fischer. “Table 2: East Asian Festivals by Decade.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 247–49.

Cheung, Tit Leung. “The Film Festival of Independent and Underground: The Case of DOChina.” Documentary Film Festivals Vol. 1: Methods, History, Politics, edited by Aida Vallejo and Ezra Winton, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, pp. 175–91.

Chio, Jenny. “Rural Films in an Urban Festival: Community Media and Cultural Translation at the Yunnan Multi Culture Visual Festival.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 279–99.

Chua, Dave. “Table 9: Film Festivals in Singapore.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, p. 261.

Crosby, Alexandra. “’It’s Not Just About the Films’: Activist Film Festivals in Post-New Order Indonesia.” Activist Film Festivals: Towards a Political Subject, edited by Sonia M. Tascon and Tyson Wils, intellect, 2017, 181–195.

Cui, Zi’en. “The Communist International of Queer Film.” Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique, vol. 18, no. 2, 2010, pp. 417–23. doi:10.1215/10679847-2010-008.

Davis, Darrell William, and Emilie Yueh-yu Yeh. “Festivals, Events and Players.” East Asian Screen Industries, BFI, 2008, pp. 140–64.

Djagalov, Rossen, and Masha Salazkina. “Tashkent ’68: A Cinematic Contact Zone.” Slavic Review, vol. 75, no. 2, 2016, pp. 279–98. doi:10.5612/slavicreview.75.2.279.

Dönmez-Colin, Gönül. “Film Festivals in Turkey: Promoting National Cinema While Nourishing Film Culture.” Coming Soon to a Festival Near You: Programming Film Festivals, edited by Jeffrey Ruoff, St Andrews Film Books, 2012, pp. 101–16.

Dorman, Andrew. “Utilizing International Film Festivals.” Paradoxical Japaneseness: Cultural Representation in Twenty-First Century Japanese Cinema, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016, pp. 135–69.

Dorman, Andrew, and Alex Fischer. “Table 3: Festivals Featuring Significant East Asian Cinema Content.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 250–52.

Fischer, Alex. “Bibliography: Film Festivals and East Asia.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 267–75.

Fischer, Alex. “Do Vodka and Sake Really Mix? An Interview with Natalia Shakhnazarova, Executive Director of Pacific Meridian: Vladivostok International Film Festival of Asian Pacific Countries.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 234–38.

Fischer, Alex. “Table 13: Monetary Value of Awards at Select Festivals in East Asia.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 265–66.

Fujiwara, Chris. “’It’s Very Simple. We Like to Give the Audience the Chance to See Good Films’: An Interview with Hayashi Kanako and Ichiyama Shozo of TOKIO FILMeX.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 214–33.

Gerow, Aaron. “A Retrospective on Japanese Retrospectives.” Undercurrent, no. 6, 2010, fipresci.hegenauer.co.uk​/​undercurrent/​issue_​0609/​gerow_​retro.htm.

Gerow, Aaron. “Retrospective Irony: Film Festivals and Japanese Cinema History.” Film Festival Yearbook 5: Archival Film Festivals, edited by Alex Marlow-Mann, St Andrews Film Books, 2013, pp. 189–99.

Guillen, Michael. “Diasporas by the Bay: Two Asian Film Festivals in San Francisco.” Film Festival Yearbook 2: Film Festivals and Imagined Communities, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2010, pp. 151–70.

Gündoğdu, Mustafa. “Film Festivals in the Diaspora: Impetus to the Development of Kurdish Cinema?” Film Festival Yearbook 2: Film Festivals and Imagined Communities, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2010, pp. 188–97.

Hassink, Robert, and Yong-Sook Lee. “Exploring International Film Festivals from a Co-Evolutionary Perspective: The Cases of Berlin and Busan Compared.” European Planning Studies, vol. 26, no. 5, 2018, pp. 933–49. doi:10.1080/09654313.2018.1446912.

Hwang, Yun Mi. “Table 8: Film Festivals in South Korea.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 259–60.

Iordanova, Dina. “East Asia and Film Festivals: Transnational Clusters for Creativity and Commerce.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 1–33.

Iordanova, Dina. “The Resources: Necessary Groundwork.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 189–95.

Iordanova, Dina. “Yingying, Zhenzhen, and Fenfen? China at the Festivals.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 217–35.

Iordanova, Dina, and Ruby Cheung, editors. Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011.

Kim, Darae; Iordanova, Dina; Berry, Chris. “The Busan International Film Festival in Crisis or, What Should a Film Festival Be?” Film Quarterly, vol. 69, no. 1, 2015, pp. 80–89. doi:10.1525/fq.2015.69.1.80.

Kim, Jeongmin. “Queer Cultural Movements and Local Counterpublics of Sexuality: A Case of Seoul Queer Films and Videos Festival.” Transl. Sunghee Hong. Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 8, no. 4, 2007, pp. 617–33. doi:10.1080/14649370701568086.

Kim, Soyoung. “”Cine-Mania” or Cinephilia: Film Festivals and the Identity Question.” UTS Review: Cultural Studies und New Writing, vol. 4, no. 2, 1998, pp. 174–87.

Kim, Soyoung. “The Birth of the Local Feminist Sphere in the Global Era: ‘Trans-Cinema’ and Yosongjang.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 4, no. 1, 2003, pp. 10–24.

Kinoshita, Sayoko. “The Spirit of the Hiroshima International Animation Festival, 1985-2010.” Coming Soon to a Festival Near You: Programming Film Festivals, edited by Jeffrey Ruoff, St Andrews Film Books, 2012, pp. 201–13.

Kishore, Shweta. “Beyond Cinephilia: Situating the Encounter between Documentary Film and Film Festival Audiences: The Case of the Ladakh International Film Festival, India.” Third Text, vol. 27, no. 6, 2013, pp. 735–47. doi:10.1080/09528822.2013.857898.

Knee, Adam, and Kong Rithdee. “Tourism and the Landscape of Thai Film Festivals.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 154–65.

Lee, Hong Real. Film Festivals as Public Spaces: The Transformation of the Busan and Berlin International Film Festivals. PhD Thesis, Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2014.

Lee, Nikki J. Y. Travelling Films: Western Criticism, Labelling Practice and Self-Orientalised East Asian Films. PhD Thesis, Goldsmiths College, University of London, 2005.

Lee, Nikki J. Y. “The 2008 Jeonju International Film Festival, 1 May-9 May 2008.” Film International, vol. 7, no. 1, 2009, pp. 90–94.

Lee, Nikki J. Y., and Julian Stringer. “’China’s Sundance’ and Corporate Culture: Creating Space for Young Talent at the Tudou Video Festival.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 121–40.

Lee, Nikki J. Y., and Julian Stringer. “Counter-Programming and the Udine Far East Film Festival.” Screen, vol. 53, no. 3, 2012, pp. 301–09. doi:10.1093/screen/hjs030.

Lee, Nikki J. Y., and Julian Stringer. “Ports of Entry: Mapping Chinese Cinema’s Multiple Trajectories at International Film Festivals.” A Companion to Chinese Cinema, edited by Yingjin Zhang, Wiley-Blackwell, 2012, pp. 239–61.

Lee, Sangjoon. “It’s ‘Oscar’ Time in Asia! The Rise and Demise of the Asia-Pacific Film Festival, 1954-1972.” Coming Soon to a Festival Near You: Programming Film Festivals, edited by Jeffrey Ruoff, St Andrews Film Books, 2012, pp. 173–87.

Lee, Sangjoon. “The Emergence of the Asian Film Festival: Cold War Asia and Japan’s Reentrance to the Regional Film Industry in the 1950s.” The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Cinema, edited by Daisuke Miyao, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 226–44.

Lee, Seunghee. “A Platform to the World: An Interview with Kim Ji-seok, Programme Director of the Pusan International Film Festival (PIFF).” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 208–13.

Lichaa, Flora. “The Beijing Independent Film Festival: Translating the Non-Profit Model into China.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 101–20.

Ma, Ran. “A Genealogy of Film Festivals in the People’s Republic of China: ‘Film Weeks’ during the ‘Seventeen Years’ (1949–1966).” New Review of Film and Television Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, 2016, pp. 40–58. doi:10.1080/17400309.2015.1107266.

Ma, Ran. “Celebrating the International, Disremembering Shanghai: The Curious Case of the Shanghai International Film Festival.” Culture Unbound: Journal of Current Cultural Research, vol. 4, 2012, pp. 147–68. doi:10.3384/cu.2000.1525.124147.

Ma, Ran. “Programming China at the Hong Kong International Film Festival and the Shanghai International Film Festival.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 237–57.

Ma, Ran. “Regarding the Grassroots Chinese Independent Film Festivals: Modes of Multiplicity and Abnormal Film Networking.” China’s iGeneration: Cinema and Moving Image Culture for the Twenty-First Century, edited by Matthew D. Johnson et al., Bloomsbury, 2014, pp. 235–53.

Ma, Ran. “Rethinking Festival Film: Urban Generation Chinese Cinema on the Film Festival Circuit.” Film Festival Yearbook 1: The Festival Circuit, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ragan Rhyne, St Andrews Film Studies, 2009, pp. 116–35.

Ma, Ran. “Table 4: Film Festivals in Mainland China.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, p. 253.

Ma, Ran. “Table 5: Film Festivals in Hong Kong.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, p. 254.

Majumdar, Neepa. “Importing Neorealism, Exporting Cinema: Indian Cinema and Film Festivals in the 1950s.” Global Neorealism: The Transnational History of a Film Style, edited by Saverio Giovacchini and Robert Sklar, University Press of Mississippi, 2011, pp. 178–93.

Marchetti, Gina. “Clara Law’s Red Earth: The Hong Kong International Film Festival and the Cultural Politics of the Sponsored Short.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 259–77.

Marlow-Mann, Alex. “Table 7: Film Festivals in Japan.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, p. 258.

Martin, Adrian. “News for Whom? Critical Coverage of the 10th Jeonju International Film Festival.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 81–89.

Mediarta, Agus. “Konfiden and the Promotion of Indonesian Short Films.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 8, no. 2, 2007, pp. 308–09. doi:10.1080/14649370701238821.

Neves, Joshua. “Media Archipelagos: Inter-Asian Film Festivals.” Discourse, vol. 34, 2-3, 2012, pp. 230–39. doi:10.13110/discourse.34.2-3.0230.

Niskanen, Eija. “Finding a Position on the Global Map of Film Festivals: The Yamagata International Documentary Film Festival.” Documentary Film Festivals Vol. 1: Methods, History, Politics, edited by Aida Vallejo and Ezra Winton, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020, pp. 143–63.

Niskanen, Eija. “Small Asias in the West: Asian Film Festivals Inside and Outside of Asia.” The Palgrave Handbook of Asian Cinema, edited by Aaron Han Joon Magnan-Park et al., Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, pp. 191–200.

Nornes‌, Abé Mark. “Asian Film Festivals, Translation and the International Film Festival Short Circuit.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 37–39.

Nornes‌, Abé Mark. “Bulldozers, Bibles, and Very Sharp Knives: The Chinese Independent Documentary Scene.” Film Quarterly, vol. 63, no. 1, 2009, pp. 50–55.

Nornes‌, Abé Mark. “Table 11: Documentary Film Festivals in Asia.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, p. 263.

Nornes‌, Abé Mark. “Yamagata–Asia–Europe: The International Film Festival Short Circuit.” The Oxford Handbook of Japanese Cinema, edited by Daisuke Miyao, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 245–62.

Odabasi, Eren. “Gezici Festival: Multiple Identities of a Traveling Film Festival in Turkey.” New Review of Film and Television Studies, vol. 14, no. 1, 2016, pp. 149–63. doi:10.1080/17400309.2015.1110881.

Perspex. “The First Asian Lesbian Film and Video Festival in Taipei Celebrates a New Form of Social Activism.” Inter-Asia Cultural Studies, vol. 7, no. 3, 2006, pp. 527–32.

Peyer, Siri. “Unreal Asia: Interview with Gridithiya Gaweewong and David Teh.” OnCurating.org, no. 3, 2010, pp. 7–9. www.on-curating.org​/​files/​oc/​dateiverwaltung/​old%20Issues/​ONCURATING_​Issue3.pdf.

Pollacchi, Elena. “’Mature at Birth’: The Beijing International Film Festival Between the National Film Industry and the Global Film Festival Circuit.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 35–55.

Qin, Qin. “The Beijing Rainbow Film Festival: Between Depoliticisation and Performative Activism.” Culture, Health & Sexuality, 2021, pp. 1–13. doi:10.1080/13691058.2021.1965218.

Rangan, Pooja. “Some Annotations on the Film Festival as an Emerging Medium in India.” South Asian Popular Culture, vol. 8, no. 2, 2010, pp. 123–41.

Ratna, Lulu. “Indonesian Local Film Festivals.” Undercurrent, no. 6, 2010, fipresci.hegenauer.co.uk​/​undercurrent/​issue_​0609/​ratna_​indonesian.htm.

Rawnsley, Ming-yeh T. “Culture Translation Between ‘Local’ and ‘International’: The Golden Harvest Award in Taiwan.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 57–78.

Rhyne, Ragan. “Comrades and Citizens: Gay and Lesbian Film Festivals in China.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 110–24.

Rhyne, Ragan. “Table 12: Gay and Lesbian Film Festivals in East Asia.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, p. 264.

Richards, Stuart James. The Queer Film Festival: Popcorn and Politics, Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Framing Film Festivals.

Robinson, Luke. “Sole Traders, Cultural Brokers, and Chinese-Language Film Festivals in the United Kingdom: The London Taiwan Cinefest and the Chinese Visual Festival.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 193–213.

Robinson, Luke, and Jenny Chio. “Making Space for Chinese Independent Documentary: The Case of Yunfest 2011.” Journal of Chinese Cinemas, vol. 7, no. 1, 2013, pp. 21–40. doi:10.1386/jcc.7.1.21_1.

Russell, Catherine. “DMZ International Documentary Film Festival: Film, Peace, and the Cold War Industry.” Synoptique, vol. 3, no. 2, 2015, pp. 86–92. synoptiqueblog.files.wordpress.com​/​2018/​07/​6-​catherine-​russell-​dmz-​international-​documentary-​film-​festival-​film-​peace-​and-​the-​cold-​war-​industry.pdf.

Spencer, Norman A. “Ten Years of Queer Cinema in China.” Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique, vol. 20, no. 1, 2012, pp. 373–83.

Stafford, Roy. “Bite the Mango: Bradford’s Unique Film Festival.” Film Festival Yearbook 2: Film Festivals and Imagined Communities, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2010, pp. 106–20.

Stringer, Julian. “Film Festivals in Asia: Notes on History, Geography, and Power from a Distance.” Film Festivals: History, Theory, Method, Practice, edited by Marijke de Valck et al., Routledge, 2016, pp. 34–48.

Stringer, Julian. “Japan 1951-1970: National Cinema as Cultural Currency.” Tamkang Review, vol. 33, no. 2, 2002, pp. 31–53.

Su, James Yantao. “Chinese American Film Festival Establishing a Maritime Silk Road between the East and West.” International Communication of Chinese Culture, vol. 2, no. 1, 2015, pp. 93–98. doi:10.1007/s40636-015-0015-0.

Tang, Denise Tse Shang. “Demand for Cultural Representation: Emerging Independent Film and Video on Lesbian Desires.” Futures of Chinese Cinema: Technologies and Temporalities in Chinese Screen Cultures, edited by Olivia Khoo and Sean Metzger, intellect, 2009, pp. 169–90.

Teh, David. “The Art of Interruption: Notes on the 5th Bangkok Experimental Film Festival.” Theory, Culture & Society, vol. 25, 7-8, 2008, pp. 309–20. doi:10.1177/0263276408097809.

Teo, Stephen. “Asian Film Festivals and Their Diminishing Glitter Domes: An Appraisal of PIFF, SIFF and HKIFF.” Dekalog 3: On Film Festivals, edited by Richard Porton, Wallflower, 2009, pp. 109–21.

Tsai, Beth. “Visible Art, Invisible Nations? On the Politics of Film Festivals, Hou Hsiao-Hsien, and Taiwan New Cinema.” International Film Festivals: Contemporary Cultures and History Beyond Venice and Cannes, edited by Tricia Jenkins, I.B.Tauris, 2018, pp. 179–96.

Vasileva, Victoria (Chistyakova), and Ekaterina Trushkina. “Visual Anthropology in the USSR and Post-Soviet Russia: A History of Festival Practices.” Film Festivals and Anthropology, edited by Aida Vallejo and Maria-Paz Peirano, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2017, pp. 89–109.

Vick, Tom. “Washington, Pusan, Rotterdam, Udine and Back: Programming East Asian Films for American Audiences.” Film Festival Yearbook 3: Film Festivals and East Asia, edited by Dina Iordanova and Ruby Cheung, St Andrews Film Studies, 2011, pp. 90–98.

Vivar Navas, Rosana. Los Festivales De Cine En La Era De Los ‘New Media’: Una Perspectiva Lúdica Sobre Las Fiestas Del Cine Y Sus Públicos [Film festivals in the era of the ‘new media’: A playful perspective on film festivals and their audiences.], PhD Thesis, Universidad de Granada, 2016.

Vogel, Ann. “Film Festivals in Asian Cities.” New Economic Spaces in Asian Cities: From Industrial Restructuring to the Cultural Turn, edited by Peter W. Daniels et al., Routledge, 2012, pp. 67–86.

Wong, Cindy Hing-Yuk. “Creative Cinematic Geographies Through the Hong Kong International Film Festival.” A Companion to Hong Kong Cinema, edited by Esther M. K. Cheung et al., Wiley, 2015, pp. 185–206.

Wong, Cindy Hing-Yuk. “Distant Screens: Film Festivals and the Global Projection of Hong Kong Cinema.” Hong Kong Film, Hollywood and New Global Cinema: No Film Is an Island, edited by Gina Marchetti and Tan See Kam, Routledge, 2007, pp. 177–92.

Wong, Cindy Hing-Yuk. “Translating Chinese Film Festivals: Three Cases in New York.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 321–42.

Wu, Chia-Chi. “Festivals, Criticism and International Reputation of Taiwan New Cinema.” Cinema Taiwan: Politics, popularity, and state of the arts, edited by Darrell William Davis and Ru-shou Robert Chen, Routledge, 2007, pp. 75–91.

Xu, Min, and Stijn Reijnders. “Getting close to the media world? On the attraction of encountering film industry professionals at Shanghai International Film Festival.” Participations: Journal of Audience & Reception Studies, vol. 15, no. 1, 2018, pp. 84–104.

Yau, Esther C. M. “What Can Small Festivals Do? Toward Film Festivals as Testimony to Expanded Civic Engagement in Post-Handover Hong Kong.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 141–67.

Ye, Tan, and Zhang Yimou. “From the Fifth to the Sixth Generation: Interview with Zhang Yimou.” Film Quarterly, vol. 53, no. 2, 1999/2000, pp. 2–13.

Yeo, Su-Anne. “Translating the Margins: New Asian Cinema, Independent Cinema, and Minor Transnationalism at the Hong Kong Asian Film Festival.” Chinese Film Festivals: Sites of Translation, edited by Chris Berry and Luke Robinson, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 301–20.

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(Last updated: 06 March 2022)